A strong motorcycle tow-behind trailer should match your bike’s hitch, the load you plan to carry, and the protection your cargo needs. For riders hauling substantial gear in varied weather, the Ultra-Tow Tag-Along Pull Behind Motorcycle Cargo Trailer stands out with a lockable molded shell, 16.6 cubic feet of storage, and a stated 600-pound maximum load. The other listings are uhyOHF flatbed-style options marketed for motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, with several listed size variations but few verified specifications.
That makes direct comparison uneven: only the Ultra-Tow listing provides a stated load capacity, suspension details, and full product dimensions. Use this roundup to identify the clearest match, then confirm hitch fit and operating limits with the seller before towing.
The Ultra-Tow Tag-Along is the strongest match for most motorcycle cargo-trailer shoppers because its listing provides the clearest decision-making details: 16.6 cubic feet of enclosed storage, a 600-pound maximum load, leaf spring suspension, and a lockable shell with two keys. The uhyOHF listings advertise universal hitch compatibility and flatbed utility, but do not provide a verified load limit or detailed towing specifications in the supplied data. Confirm that any trailer’s hitch and load limits suit your motorcycle before use.
Our Top Picks
Best OverallIts 16.6-cubic-foot lockable shell, stated 600-pound capacity, leaf spring suspension, and hydraulic lid struts provide the most complete motorcycle-trailer specification set.
View on Amazon
Largest Listed SizeThe listing gives a 180×100 cm size and advertises a universal hitch for motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, though it provides no load rating.
View on Amazon
Smallest Listed SizeIts listed 120×80 cm size is the smallest stated option, but sparse specifications and an inconsistent accompanying description make it the least certain motorcycle fit.
View on AmazonCompare Motorcycle Trailer Types and Key Details
| # | Product | Buy |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1. Ultra-Tow Tag-Along TrailerBest Overall | View on Amazon |
| 2 | 2. uhyOHF 180×100 FlatbedLargest Listed Size | View on Amazon |
| 3 | 3. uhyOHF D 180×100 FlatbedLong-bed camping and travel hauler | View on Amazon |
| 4 | 4. uhyOHF E 180×100 Flatbed180-centimeter multi-vehicle flatbed | View on Amazon |
| 5 | 5. uhyOHF C 160×100 FlatbedMulti-vehicle outdoor hauler | View on Amazon |
| 6 | 6. uhyOHF D 160×100 Flatbed160-centimeter travel platform | View on Amazon |
| 7 | 7. uhyOHF B 160×100 FlatbedEveryday utility flatbed hauler | View on Amazon |
| 8 | 8. uhyOHF E 160×100 Flatbed160-by-100 outdoor utility cart | View on Amazon |
| 9 | 9. uhyOHF A 150×100 FlatbedCompact 150-centimeter flatbed | View on Amazon |
| 10 | 10. uhyOHF A 120×80 FlatbedSmallest Listed Size | View on Amazon |
Detailed Reviews: Best Motorcycle Tow Behind Trailer
Why it ranks #1: Its 16.6-cubic-foot lockable shell, stated 600-pound capacity, leaf spring suspension, and hydraulic lid struts provide the most complete motorcycle-trailer specification set.
A 16.6-cubic-foot lockable ABS shell gives the Ultra-Tow room to carry gear while keeping it enclosed, with a 600-pound maximum load recommendation. Its steel frame, leaf-spring suspension, and self-assisted lid struts make it a feature-rich choice for riders who need substantial, protected cargo space behind a motorcycle.
The molded ABS shell has a lock and two keys, while two additional side latches provide further closure points for travel cargo. Self-assisted hydraulic struts hold the lid open to make loading and unloading easier. Leaf-spring suspension supports the tow-behind setup, and the two 4.8-by-12-inch tires provide its listed rolling hardware. At 78 inches long and 44.5 inches wide, it needs room for storage; the spare tire is sold separately.
- 16.6 cubic feet of enclosed storage
- 600-pound maximum weight recommendation
- Lockable shell includes two keys and two additional side latches
- Leaf-spring suspension and self-assisted hydraulic lid struts
- A spare tire is sold separately.
Skip it if you need a spare included with the trailer; the listed spare tire is sold separately.
This suits motorcycle travelers carrying bulky gear who want enclosed, lockable storage and a stated 600-pound load recommendation. Consider its 78-by-44.5-inch dimensions when planning garage storage, and account for the separately sold spare tire.
Full product details
| Brand | Ultra-Tow |
|---|---|
| Color | Black |
| Frame Material | Alloy Steel |
| Frame Material Type | Alloy Steel |
| Dimensions | 78"L x 44.5"W x 38"H |
| Item Weight | 229 pounds |
| Manufacturer | Ultra-Tow |
| Part Number | 3414719 |
| Maximum Weight Recommendation | 600 pounds |
| Seating Capacity | 1 |
Listed on Amazon as: Ultra-Tow Tag-Along Pull Behind Motorcycle Cargo Trailer – Steel Frame, 16.6 Cu.Ft. Storage, 600-Lb. Load Capacity
View on AmazonWhy it ranks #2: The listing gives a 180×100 cm size and advertises a universal hitch for motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, though it provides no load rating.
At 180 by 100 centimeters, this flatbed has the longer listed platform among the uhyOHF size variants, giving buyers more stated length for arranging travel or camping gear. Its universal hitch is described for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, extending its stated use across several vehicle types.
The 180-by-100-centimeter dimensions give this version a longer platform than the 160-by-100-centimeter variants, which can help when the cargo arrangement calls for more length. Its universal hitch is described for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, supporting flexible vehicle use within that range. The product is listed for camping, long-distance travel, grocery runs, and utility hauling. Since no maximum load is specified in the supplied details, the larger footprint does not establish how much weight it can carry.
- 180-by-100-centimeter listed dimensions
- Universal hitch specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters
- Flatbed format for outdoor gear and utility loads
- Listed for camping, travel, and grocery runs
- The supplied specifications do not state a maximum load.
Skip it if you need a stated load capacity for heavier cargo; the Ultra-Tow Tag-Along specifies a 600-pound maximum recommendation.
This version suits riders who want a longer, 180-centimeter flatbed for camping or travel gear and use a motorcycle, e-bike, or scooter in the stated hitch range. Its dimensions do not provide a cargo-weight limit.
Full product details
| Brand | uhyOHF |
|---|---|
| Item model number | 1 |
| Manufacturer | uhyOHF |
Why it ranks #3: Its listed 180×100 cm size and advertised universal tow-behind hitch suit buyers seeking a broad flatbed, but verified capacity and trailer details are absent.
The 180-by-100-centimeter platform gives this uhyOHF variant a long, clearly listed flatbed for arranging camping and travel gear. Its universal hitch is described for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, so buyers can weigh the larger platform against its stated compatibility across several types of tow vehicle.
A 180-by-100-centimeter footprint offers a longer platform than the listed 160-by-100-centimeter options, which can help when gear needs to be arranged lengthwise. The hitch is specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, giving buyers several stated vehicle categories to consider. The description also lists road trips, camping, grocery runs, and utility hauling. No maximum load is given in the supplied specifications, so buyers still need a stated weight limit for cargo planning.
- 180-by-100-centimeter dimensions
- Universal hitch described for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters
- Flatbed format for gear hauling
- Listed uses include camping, road trips, groceries, and utility work
- A maximum cargo weight is not specified in the supplied details.
Skip it if you need a stated weight rating for load planning; the Ultra-Tow Tag-Along lists a 600-pound maximum recommendation.
This suits riders needing a 180-centimeter-long flatbed for travel or camping gear and using a vehicle within the listed hitch range. Allow for its platform footprint when storing it, and note that the supplied details give no load limit.
Full product details
| Brand | uhyOHF |
|---|---|
| Item model number | 1 |
| Manufacturer | uhyOHF |
Why it ranks #4: The 180×100 cm option is marketed for motorcycle and outdoor gear hauling and claims a universal hitch, but the listing lacks a stated weight limit.
A 180-by-100-centimeter flatbed gives this uhyOHF variant a long listed platform for travel gear, camping supplies, or utility cargo. Its universal hitch is described for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, offering a stated multi-vehicle use case for buyers comparing trailer footprints and towing options.
The 180-by-100-centimeter dimensions provide a defined platform for arranging cargo and assessing storage needs. Its universal tow-behind hitch is specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, so its intended use extends beyond one vehicle category. The product is also listed for long-distance road trips, outdoor camping, grocery runs, and utility hauling. Because the supplied specifications do not state a maximum weight, buyers should not infer a cargo capacity from the platform size alone.
- 180-by-100-centimeter listed dimensions
- Hitch described for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters
- Flatbed utility format
- Listed for travel, camping, groceries, and gear hauling
- The supplied specifications do not state a maximum load.
Skip it if you require a published cargo-weight limit; the Ultra-Tow Tag-Along lists a 600-pound maximum weight recommendation.
This is aimed at riders and e-bike or scooter owners hauling gear on a long, 180-by-100-centimeter flatbed. Check that its footprint suits your storage and cargo arrangement; the supplied details do not give a weight limit.
Full product details
| Brand | uhyOHF |
|---|---|
| Item model number | 1 |
| Manufacturer | uhyOHF |
Why it ranks #5: This 160×100 cm listing advertises motorcycle compatibility and utility hauling, but gives no verified load capacity, suspension information, or detailed product dimensions.
A universal tow-behind hitch is specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, letting this flatbed cart serve more than one type of ride. Its 160-by-100-centimeter size and outdoor-use focus suit buyers who want one cargo platform for camping gear, travel supplies, or everyday hauling.
The stated hitch compatibility spans most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, giving riders a broader set of intended towing vehicles than a motorcycle-only description. Its flatbed format is identified for gear hauling, camping, travel, and grocery runs, so it can serve varied outdoor errands. The listed 160-by-100-centimeter dimensions help buyers judge its footprint and load area. No load rating is provided in the supplied specifications, so cargo weight remains an important planning boundary.
- Universal hitch specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters
- 160-by-100-centimeter size
- Flatbed format for gear hauling
- Listed uses include camping, travel, and grocery runs
- The supplied specifications do not state a load rating.
Skip it if you need a stated maximum cargo weight before loading; the Ultra-Tow Tag-Along lists a 600-pound maximum recommendation.
This is suited to riders and e-bike or scooter owners moving camping gear, travel supplies, or groceries on a flatbed. Its 160-by-100-centimeter footprint is a practical fit consideration, and the supplied details do not give a load rating.
Full product details
| Brand | uhyOHF |
|---|---|
| Item model number | 1 |
| Manufacturer | uhyOHF |
Why it ranks #6: The 160×100 cm size and advertised universal hitch offer a stated starting point for comparison, while capacity and construction details are not supplied.
The 160-by-100-centimeter flatbed pairs with a universal hitch specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, giving mixed-vehicle households a defined cargo footprint. Its listed travel and camping uses make it relevant for riders carrying outdoor gear, while the open utility format also suits grocery and general hauling tasks.
Because the hitch is described as compatible with most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, the cart can support different towing vehicles within that stated range. The 160-by-100-centimeter dimensions let buyers assess the platform footprint before planning camping or travel loads. The product is also presented for grocery runs and utility hauling, offering uses beyond trips. The supplied information does not state a load rating, so buyers cannot use these dimensions alone to determine safe cargo weight.
- 160-by-100-centimeter listed dimensions
- Universal hitch specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters
- Flatbed cargo format
- Camping, travel, grocery, and utility uses are listed
- A cargo-weight limit is not stated in the supplied specifications.
Skip it if you require a published cargo-weight limit; the Ultra-Tow Tag-Along specifies a 600-pound maximum weight recommendation.
Choose this for camping and travel gear when the 160-by-100-centimeter footprint suits your hauling needs and your towing vehicle is among the listed types. The supplied product details do not provide a cargo-weight limit.
Full product details
| Brand | uhyOHF |
|---|---|
| Item model number | 1 |
| Manufacturer | uhyOHF |
Why it ranks #7: It is listed as a 160×100 cm tow-behind utility trailer for motorbikes, but the available specifications omit a load limit and suspension details.
A flatbed measuring 160 by 100 centimeters gives this uhyOHF trailer a defined hauling surface for utility tasks, camping, and travel. Its universal hitch is specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, making it an option for buyers who want a cart described for several kinds of tow vehicle.
The universal tow-behind hitch is presented for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, which helps buyers consider the trailer across different vehicles they own. Its 160-by-100-centimeter dimensions clarify the footprint for packing gear or planning storage. Listed uses range from outdoor camping and long-distance road trips to groceries and general utility hauling. The product information does not supply a maximum cargo weight, so the platform dimensions should not be treated as a load-capacity specification.
- Universal hitch stated to fit most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters
- 160-by-100-centimeter dimensions
- Flatbed format for utility and gear hauling
- Listed for camping, road trips, and grocery runs
- The listed details provide no maximum cargo weight.
Skip it if you want a published weight limit for load planning; the Ultra-Tow Tag-Along has a stated 600-pound maximum recommendation.
This fits riders seeking a multipurpose flatbed for errands or outdoor trips and whose vehicle falls within the stated hitch range. Check whether its 160-by-100-centimeter footprint suits your storage space, and note that no load limit is listed.
Full product details
| Brand | uhyOHF |
|---|---|
| Item model number | 1 |
| Manufacturer | uhyOHF |
Why it ranks #8: This 160×100 cm variant is advertised for motorcycle travel and hauling, though the listing does not verify its capacity, materials, or complete dimensions.
The 160-by-100-centimeter flatbed gives this uhyOHF trailer a clearly listed footprint for hauling camping equipment, groceries, or other utility cargo. A universal hitch specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters broadens its intended vehicle use, making it a practical-format option for multi-vehicle households.
Its stated hitch range includes most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, so buyers can consider the cart for more than one kind of tow vehicle. The 160-by-100-centimeter platform size helps with space planning and cargo arrangement for trips or errands. The product description also calls out long-distance road trips, camping, groceries, and utility hauling. The supplied specifications do not state a weight capacity, so the listed footprint cannot answer whether a particular heavy load is appropriate.
- 160-by-100-centimeter listed size
- Hitch described for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters
- Flatbed setup for cargo and outdoor gear
- Road trips, camping, groceries, and utility hauling are listed uses
- No maximum weight capacity is stated in the supplied details.
Skip it if you need a specified cargo-weight ceiling; the Ultra-Tow Tag-Along lists a 600-pound maximum recommendation.
This is a fit for riders using a listed vehicle type who want a 160-by-100-centimeter flatbed for errands or outdoor trips. Treat the cargo-weight limit as unresolved because none appears in the supplied specifications.
Full product details
| Brand | uhyOHF |
|---|---|
| Item model number | 1 |
| Manufacturer | uhyOHF |
Why it ranks #9: The 150×100 cm size is listed alongside claimed motorcycle hitch compatibility, but the available data does not state capacity or important towing specifications.
A 150-by-100-centimeter flatbed gives this uhyOHF variant a shorter listed length than the other supplied size options, helping buyers compare platform footprint before choosing. Its universal hitch is specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, while the described uses cover camping, travel, groceries, and utility cargo.
The 150-by-100-centimeter dimensions provide a defined platform size for buyers weighing cargo space against storage footprint. Its universal hitch is described for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, supporting use with different vehicles within that stated range. Camping, long-distance road trips, grocery runs, and utility hauling are among the listed applications. The supplied details do not state a weight rating, so the shorter platform should not be mistaken for guidance on allowable cargo weight.
- 150-by-100-centimeter listed dimensions
- Universal hitch specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters
- Flatbed cargo platform
- Listed applications include camping, travel, groceries, and utility hauling
- The supplied specifications give no maximum cargo weight.
Skip it if you want a longer listed platform; the uhyOHF Heavy Duty Motorcycle Cargo Trailer in 180 × 100 cm is a larger size option.
This variant suits buyers who prefer its listed 150-by-100-centimeter footprint for camping, errands, or utility hauling. Match the platform dimensions to your cargo and storage space, and remember the supplied information does not state a weight limit.
Full product details
| Brand | uhyOHF |
|---|---|
| Item model number | 1 |
| Manufacturer | uhyOHF |
Why it ranks #10: Its listed 120×80 cm size is the smallest stated option, but sparse specifications and an inconsistent accompanying description make it the least certain motorcycle fit.
The listed 120-by-80-centimeter size gives this uhyOHF flatbed a smaller stated footprint than the larger variants, which may suit buyers with tighter storage or more modest cargo needs. Its universal hitch is described for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, with camping, travel, and errands among its uses.
At 120 by 80 centimeters, this version is the smallest explicitly sized platform in the supplied uhyOHF listings, making its footprint easier to compare when storage space is limited. The universal hitch is specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, giving it a broad stated vehicle range. Its listed applications include road trips, camping, groceries, and utility hauling. No weight rating appears in the supplied specifications, so the smaller size does not establish a safe cargo limit.
- 120-by-80-centimeter listed size
- Universal hitch specified for most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters
- Flatbed format for cargo hauling
- Camping, travel, grocery, and utility uses are listed
- The supplied details do not state a maximum load.
Skip it if you need a longer platform for larger gear; the uhyOHF Heavy Duty Motorcycle Cargo Trailer in 180 × 100 cm lists more platform length.
This is suited to riders who prioritize a smaller listed footprint for everyday errands or compact outdoor loads. Its 120-by-80-centimeter dimensions are a useful planning point, but the supplied details do not specify a cargo-weight limit.
Full product details
| Brand | uhyOHF |
|---|---|
| Color | A |
| Manufacturer | uhyOHF |
| Model | 1 |
| Size | 120*80cm |
Listed on Amazon as: Heavy Duty Motorcycle Cargo Trailer, Universal Tow Behind Utility | Trailer for E-Bike, Scooter, and Motorbike, All-Terrain Flatbed Pull Cart for Outdoor Camping, Travel, and Gear Hauling
View on AmazonAvoid a hitch-fit assumption
A trailer advertised with a universal hitch is not proof that it fits your motorcycle safely. The uhyOHF listings claim compatibility with most motorcycles, e-bikes, and scooters, but the supplied details do not identify hitch dimensions, attachment points, or motorcycle-specific fit limits. The Ultra-Tow listing is more thoroughly described, yet its supplied data also does not specify the hitch interface.
Before buying, check the trailer maker’s fit guidance against your motorcycle’s approved attachment point and intended load; ask for the hitch dimensions if they are not shown. Do not assume that a connection that can be attached is suitable for road towing.
A mismatch can cause movement at the connection or interfere with handling, and neither outcome can be ruled out from a general compatibility claim alone. Treat hitch verification as a separate step from choosing a trailer by cargo capacity or bed size.
Enclosed storage versus an open flatbed
Choose enclosed storage when protecting cargo from the elements matters more than loading bulky items from above. Ultra-Tow specifies a molded ABS shell that locks, includes two keys and two side latches, and opens with self-assisted hydraulic struts; that arrangement protects cargo, but the listing does not give the shell’s internal dimensions or describe how oversized items fit. The uhyOHF products are presented as flatbed pull carts, which may better suit gear that needs an open loading surface, but their supplied specifications do not confirm sides, tie-down points, or weather protection.
The listings also contain a separate tricycle-cart description, so verify the actual configuration before ordering. Compare the shape of your cargo—not just total volume—with the trailer’s usable bed or shell space, and secure loads using confirmed attachment points rather than assuming they are included.
How to Choose a Motorcycle Tow-Behind Trailer
Cargo protection and trailer format
Choose between an enclosed shell and a flatbed according to the shape and weather sensitivity of your cargo. Ultra-Tow lists a molded ABS shell with a lock, two keys, two side latches, and 16.6 cubic feet of storage. The uhyOHF listings describe flatbed utility trailers for outdoor gear hauling, but do not specify weather covers or tie-down points.
Riders carrying smaller luggage that benefits from enclosure may prefer Ultra-Tow; buyers with bulky gear that needs an open loading surface may consider a flatbed after confirming its actual configuration and load-securing provisions.
Stated load capacity
Look for a published maximum load that covers your cargo and does not exceed your motorcycle’s towing limits. Ultra-Tow states a 600-pound maximum weight recommendation, while none of the uhyOHF entries in the supplied data gives a load rating. That makes the Ultra-Tow the only option here that can be compared against a specific trailer capacity.
Buyers hauling substantial loads should treat an unstated rating as an unanswered question, not as permission to carry more. Confirm the permitted trailer and tongue loads for both the motorcycle and trailer before choosing or loading any option.
Trailer size and storage space
Match the listed dimensions to your cargo and available storage space, but do not mistake a flatbed’s outside size for usable capacity. Ultra-Tow measures 78 inches long by 44.5 inches wide by 38 inches high and lists 16.6 cubic feet of storage. The uhyOHF entries include listed bed-size variants from 120×80 cm through 180×100 cm, with several 160×100 cm options.
The larger listed sizes may suit broader gear, while the smallest stated size may suit buyers with limited storage space. Confirm usable dimensions and overall folded or parked footprint, since those details are not provided for the flatbeds.
Which Motorcycle Tow-Behind Trailer Should You Choose?
For a motorcycle rider who wants the clearest combination of enclosed cargo protection and stated carrying capability, choose the Ultra-Tow Tag-Along Trailer: it lists 16.6 cubic feet of storage, a 600-pound maximum load, and leaf spring suspension. If you specifically need an open flatbed, the uhyOHF 180×100 Flatbed, uhyOHF D 180×100 Flatbed, or uhyOHF E 180×100 Flatbed have the largest listed dimensions in this set; confirm capacity and hitch fit before deciding. The uhyOHF A 120×80 Flatbed is the smallest listed size for buyers prioritizing a more compact stated footprint, but its specifications are especially sparse.
Across all options, verify attachment compatibility, load limits, and the actual trailer configuration before towing.
Related Buying Guides
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I confirm a trailer hitch will fit my motorcycle safely?
Check the trailer’s hitch instructions against your motorcycle’s approved attachment points and towing guidance. Confirm the connection type, clearance, and secure fit without assuming that a listing’s “universal” claim guarantees compatibility. If the details are unclear, ask the trailer seller or a qualified motorcycle technician before attaching or towing it.
What motorcycle trailer load limits and towing rules should I check before riding?
Verify the trailer’s stated maximum load and your motorcycle’s towing limits, including any restrictions in the owner’s manual or local rules. Count cargo weight as part of the trailer load, and do not rely on a listing that omits capacity. Check applicable requirements before riding, since limits and rules can vary.
How should a motorcycle trailer be loaded to reduce sway and handling problems?
Place cargo low and distribute it evenly, securing each item so it cannot shift. Keep the load within the trailer’s stated limit and follow its loading guidance; do not assume a trailer without a verified capacity can carry a particular load. After loading, check that the hitch and cargo are secure before moving.
What should I inspect on a motorcycle trailer before towing?
Inspect the hitch connection, frame, wheels, tires, and any lights or safety attachments the trailer has. Secure the cargo and confirm that nothing is loose or rubbing. Follow the trailer’s instructions, and do not tow if a part appears damaged or the connection cannot be confirmed as secure.
How should I choose between an enclosed trailer and an open flatbed?
Choose an enclosed design when protecting cargo from exposure and securing it inside a shell are priorities; the Ultra-Tow listing describes enclosed storage and a lockable shell. An open flatbed may suit cargo that fits its platform. Compare the actual configuration, stated capacity, and hitch fit before deciding.
Final Words
For the clearest stated combination of enclosed storage and carrying capacity, the Ultra-Tow Tag-Along is the strongest match in this group: its listing gives 16.6 cubic feet of storage, a 600-pound maximum load, and leaf spring suspension. Choose a listed uhyOHF flatbed if an open platform better suits your cargo, but confirm its capacity and hitch compatibility. Before towing any option, verify the motorcycle’s limits, attachment fit, and actual trailer configuration.





